[PConline Technology Information] Quantum is an important concept of modern physics. It was first proposed by M. Planck in 1900. He assumes that the radiant energy in black body radiation is discontinuous and can only be taken as an integral multiple of the basic unit of energy. Subsequent studies have shown that not only do the energies exhibit such discontinuous separation properties, but other physical quantities such as angular momentum, spin, and charge also show this discontinuous quantification. This is fundamentally different from classical physics represented by Newtonian mechanics. The quantification phenomenon mainly manifests itself in the microscopic physics world. The physical theory that describes the microscopic physical world is quantum mechanics.
Having said this large section, it is estimated that you have watched and watched you already sleepy. Well, we have come to the right point. Since there was news at the beginning of the year that a new generation of iPhone will use quantum dot display technology, quantum dots have become a quality enthusiast. Regarding the topic of concern, yesterday (December 15, 2014), the author participated in the launch of the new generation of TCL’s flagship TV (H9700) and again touched on this topic. So what exactly is quantum dot technology? I hope this article will help you.
What is quantum dot technology?
Quantum dots are tiny semiconductor crystals, about 3 to 12 nanometers in size (Nanometer, one billionth of a meter), consisting of only a few atoms, so their activity is confined to a limited range, and the original semiconductor is lost. characteristic. It is also because it can only move in a small space, so the influence of its energy state is easy to promote its light (currently generally through the electron or photon excitation quantum dots, to produce colored photons), the results of the scientists experiments can be based on its internal Different structures and sizes emit light of different colors. The larger the quantum dot size, the more the purple region in the spectrum is shifted toward the purple region in the spectrum, and the smaller it is, the more it is biased toward red. If the calculation is sufficiently accurate, bright red, green and blue light can be emitted as indicated in the figure. Used as a RGB primary light source for displays.
How quantum dot technology is applied to LCD panels
Quantum dots are light emitting materials. In principle, quantum dots can be laid on a flat surface, and then the control circuit can be used to display the image. However, "shopping" is a big technology. The initial method is to use the solution night, the solution is applied to the plane, the solution will evaporate quantum dots will be attached to the surface of the substrate, but the problem is that only one type of quantum dots, that is, can only show a color, the solution can not contain both The RGB three-color quantum dots, even if they are, cannot be evenly arranged for each color. Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) came up with the idea of ​​using printing methods to imprint quantum dots on the panels with rubber stamps.
The lithographic printing transfer technology is such that the printing plate is not in direct contact with the paper first, and the image is first transferred to a blanket cylinder, and then the image is transferred to the cylinder by the cylinder. Since the eraser is relatively soft and is printed on the paper, it is more compact and therefore comes out. The effect is better than printing directly on the plate. The QD screen does this by using a well-stamped rubber stamp to smear the night with a quantum dot on the line. After the solution evaporates, the quantum dots left on the rubber stamp are placed on the panel. In one color, the second color and the third color are processed in the same way, so that the RGB three colors can be arranged in a regular pattern adjacent to each other, each color is fine to 25 microns (Micron, one millionth of a meter), in line with the current high resolution panel The request.
What are the characteristics of quantum dot technology?
First, the gamut coverage of the quantum dot technology screen is broader. On the CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram, the xy coordinates of the TCL Q9 TV H9700 displayed in red reached 0.6901 and 0.2979, the green xy coordinates were 0.2091 and 0.7415, and the blue xy coordinates reached 0.1468 and 0.0708. According to the calculation, the H9700 score is roughly 110% NTSC color gamut. At present, the common LED backlight color gamut is 72% NTSC color gamut, and the OLED color gamut, which has attracted much attention, can reach 100% NTSC color gamut in principle.
Second, the color control is more accurate. At present, the industry generally adopts the principle of photoluminescence (PL) in display technology. The conventional phosphor is a multi-level energy level structure. When the blue light excites the phosphor, the spectrum of the light emitted by the phosphor is not single, except for the imaging. In addition to the required red/green/blue light, there are other variegated lights. These variegated lights seriously affect the purity and accuracy of color reproduction. The quantum dots are single-energy level structures, and each fixed-size quantum dot is excited. The spectrum of light is unique, that is, the color is unique and solid. Therefore, by adjusting the crystal grain size of the quantum dot, the wavelength of the light wave generated by the quantum dot can be conveniently and accurately adjusted, and light of different colors can be generated, so that the color can be controlled more accurately and accurate color reproduction display effect can be achieved.
Quantum dot technology PK OLED and traditional display technology
Vladimir Bulovic, a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has been responsible for quantum dot technology research. He believes that quantum technology promises to exceed the OLED display performance. OLEDs also need to filter light to generate the desired color, so its color is limited by the performance of the filter. . However, quantum dots emit extremely narrow spectrum, so they have higher color purity and can produce richer colors.
In addition, quantum dot crystals are non-organic materials. Unlike OLEDs, which use organic materials to make diode emitters, they are more stable and have a longer lifespan. In addition, compared with the existing liquid crystal technology, quantum dot backlights have higher luminous efficiency and therefore are more energy-efficient.
In addition to the energy-saving and colorful colors, the application of quantum dots can also increase the brightness and darkness contrast and sharpness of the panel. Ordinary liquid crystal display technology uses a high-intensity backlight, and then generates different colors through filtering, so it is difficult to display the details of the dark part under the light. The light emission of the quantum dot technology is similar to the display principle of the plasma television, and is also more efficient. When the dark environment is generated, the detail display performance is higher than that of the traditional TV.
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In summary, the quantum dot technology clearly has a good application prospect, and it is very likely that it will replace the OLED display technology that has been difficult to produce. Perhaps the big manufacturers have abandoned the OLED technology mass production plan also stems from this. However, we are currently seeing quantum dot technology only applied to backlight panels. The performance of LCD panels is driven by the performance of backlight panels. The application of quantum dot technology directly to display panels in the future should be the ultimate form of full performance. At this time, the characteristics of energy saving and high purity of the quantum dot display technology can be brought into full play. Perhaps this is the real body of Crystal LED technology we have seen at CES 2012.
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