Researchers Yu Xinxin and Liu Yanli from the Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of the Smart Grid wrote in the second issue of Power System Automation in 2015. The various stages of smart grid development, from basic science and engineering technology research to development, demonstration and operation There will be obstacles. Point out the key obstacles, and how to maximize their potential to provide the country with a wide range of social and economic benefits. To this end, we have sorted out 11 key challenges facing the development of smart grids, emphasizing that the development of metrology science and technology and standards is a priority area that needs priority development. Multidisciplinary cross-cooperation is an inevitable choice for the development of smart grids. Legal framework and regulation, market design, and management reform are the basic guarantees for the successful implementation of smart grids and the benefits they deserve.
Implementing a smart grid development strategy will not only enable users to obtain high-security, high-reliability, high-quality, high-efficiency, and reasonably priced power supplies, but also improve national energy security, improve the environment, promote sustainable development, and stimulate the market. Constantly innovating to improve the country's international economic competitiveness. In short, improving power supply security, ecological sustainability and economic competitiveness are the three goals of the smart grid.
The most essential feature of the smart grid is: the two-way flow of power and information, and thus the establishment of a highly automated and widely distributed energy exchange network; the advantages of distributed computing and communication are introduced into the grid, real-time information exchange and equipment Nearly instantaneous supply and demand balance at the level.
The future grid will consist of an integrated power grid and communication network. The power grid is flexible and reconfigurable, and there are reliable two-way communication in the electrical and electronic areas. The two networks are highly integrated by the underlying intelligent network agent (INA).
The centralized planning and control of the power infrastructure created by the microprocessor years ago has greatly limited the flexibility of the grid and lost efficiency, which puts risks in several key aspects such as safety and reliability. So smart grid is the infrastructure of distributed intelligence.
In the case of a smart distribution network, it is divided into a number of cells. Each cell has a number of INAs connected by on-chip communication (such as relay protection, distributed power (DER), etc.). These agents can collect And exchange system information, you can make independent decisions on local control (such as relay protection), or coordinate decisions through power distribution rapid simulation and modeling (DFSM) in Cell (such as voltage regulation and reactive power optimization, network weight At the same time, there is communication between the pieces, and the distribution dispatching center equipped with DFSM coordinates the decision of each piece; then the transmission and distribution dispatching centers are also connected by communication, equipped with rapid transmission simulation and modeling. (TFSM) transmission dispatching center coordinates decisions according to the requirements of the whole system, realizes intelligent control across geographical boundaries and organizational boundaries, and makes the whole system have self-healing function and strong anti-interference ability.
In the smart grid, due to the ability to exchange information in real time, a large number of distributed generation (including renewable energy generation such as wind and solar energy) and distributed energy storage can be plug-and-play in the grid, and thus can participate in operation optimization; It can shift the load and cooperate with the grid (like a virtual power supply) to help the grid achieve demand side management (such as peaking and valley filling) and support grid operation in case of emergency.
Distributed generation, energy storage, and demand side management are collectively referred to as DER. How to deal with tens of thousands of DERs and deal with the intermittent, variability and uncertainty of renewable energy generation such as wind and solar, while ensuring the reliability of the grid and the safety of people and equipment, and stimulating market problems has historically In front of you.
To meet the above three objectives and have the aforementioned characteristics, the smart grid faces a wide range of challenges involving many technical, institutional and social issues. At all stages of its development, obstacles arise from the study of basic sciences and engineering techniques through development, demonstration and operation. Clarifying the key obstacles in its development can help clarify how it can maximize its potential to provide the country with a wide range of social and economic benefits. This paper attempts to summarize the key challenges of smart grids.
1) Infrastructure
2) Standards and protocols
3) Computer network (cyber system) security
4) Operation and planning model
5) Load and power planning and scheduling
6) Energy storage
7) Energy efficiency, demand response and load control
9) Situational awareness
10) Market design
11) Legal framework and regulatory path
Conclusion
Finally, it should be noted that when the focus of the three goals of the smart grid changes, the roadmap for the implementation of the smart grid will be different, and the priority of the above challenging problems will also change slightly.
The following points are highlighted here.
1) Measurement science and technology advancement, as well as the development of standards, will run through these challenges and affect all aspects of the smart grid. For example: 1 lack of standards and protocols is an obstacle to system optimization and effective communication; 2 lack of appropriate assessment, measurement and verification methods, restricting the ability to effectively use EE, DR and DLC strategies; 3 security (such as power system probability) Static and dynamic safety assessments, grid performance, and planned measures are inadequate, inconsistent, or non-existent.
All of these challenges have strong roots in metrology science and technology. Therefore, if it is resolved, it may have far-reaching effects. In order to accelerate the development of smart grids and to capture potential (energy, economic, environmental and social) benefits, these are undoubtedly critical and require priority research.
2) Need to deal with complex, multidisciplinary engineering challenges. In order to accelerate the innovation of smart grid, both scientific and engineering progress is needed. Researchers and engineers in the physical sciences need to work closely with their peers in information science and use common language and protocols to ensure an actionable, viable design.
3) Legal framework and supervision, market design and management reform are the basic guarantees for the successful implementation of smart grids and the benefits they deserve. They need national attention and require close cooperation between sociologists (including lawyers) and technology experts.
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