China is a big country in the production and consumption of lighting products. In 2010, the output of incandescent lamps and domestic sales were 3.85 billion and 1.07 billion respectively. The energy consumption of incandescent lamps and the waste of electric energy are very large, and they are also the key targets for energy conservation and emission reduction.
In November 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine jointly issued a notice on the gradual ban on the import and sale of ordinary lighting incandescent lamps. From October 1st, 2012, the road map for importing and selling ordinary lighting incandescent lamps was gradually banned in five stages according to the power level. According to the road map, the use and sale of incandescent lamps will be completely phased out by October 2016.
The elimination of incandescent lamps will inevitably promote the development of energy-saving lamps. At present, the main lamps that can replace incandescent lamps are energy-saving lamps and LED lamps. Ordinary energy-saving lamps can save 60% to 80% of electricity and incandescent lamps. The LED lamp has better energy saving effect than the ordinary energy-saving lamp. Under the same brightness, the power consumption of the LED lamp is only 1/3 of the energy-saving lamp, and the service life can reach (810) h. At this stage, the lighting consumption in China is about It accounts for about 12% of the total electricity consumption of the whole society. Through the implementation of the road map, in the case of replacing all incandescent lamps with ordinary energy-saving lamps, the country is expected to achieve annual energy saving of 48 billion kWh and annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions of 48 million tons. If you replace it with LEDs, the energy saving effect will be even more impressive.
The State Council issued the implementation of the luminaires and electrical control devices on August 1, 2008. However, when implementing the above-mentioned energy-saving measures, it is also subject to applicable places and technologies. For example, the corridor lights in public places are characterized by their use. It is to provide lighting for the people on the upper and lower floors. If it is opened for a long time, it will generate new waste. Now many residential buildings and office buildings have inductive control, which causes the lamps to be in a frequent and short-time switch state. Such a working state is very disadvantageous for energy-saving lamps that emit fluorescent light, and is very suitable for incandescent lamps and LED lamps. Therefore, replacing incandescent lamps for corridor lamps is a better choice than energy saving.
Based on the above discussion, the following will focus on the application of solar photovoltaic LEDs in some places in western Gansu Province as an example of corridor lights.
Compared with the unique advantages of energy-saving lamps in public lighting places, the advantages of 1.1LEDs are expected to reach more than 100,000 hours in 2020. The energy-saving effect is obvious. Under the same illumination, energy saving is 90%% than that of incandescent lamps. Energy-saving lamps save about 60% of energy; solid light, good shock resistance, good environmental adaptability, and maintenance costs; no harmful substances such as mercury in the light source, no ultraviolet light in the light beam, is a true green light source; LED can be DC Safe voltage supply, easy to connect with solar cells; LED has strong illuminance directivity, lumens table 1 national solar resource distribution table area type annual exposure hours (h / a) annual radiation total (M /m2a) Standard coal consumption (kg) required for major areas of remarks - North Ningxia, northern Gansu, southern Xinjiang, western Qinghai, western Tibet, the most abundant solar resources, northwestern part of Hebei, northwestern part, Inner Mongolia Southern, southern Ningxia, central Gansu, eastern Qinghai, southeastern Tibet, southern Xinjiang, richer areas, three types of Shandong, Henan, southeastern Hebei, southwestern Shanxi, new North, Jilin, Liaoning, Yunnan, northwestern Shaanxi, southeastern Gansu, southern Guangdong, four regions of Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, northern Fujian, northern Guangdong, southwestern Shaanxi, poor southern Anhui, five major types of Sichuan Region, the worst area in Guizhou Table 2 The time and meteorological data of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province Lanzhou Elephant Station Location: North 36.1 degrees, 103.9 degrees, elevation 1517 meters waiting materials January February March April May June 7 Month August September October November December average maximum temperature °c average temperature ° average minimum temperature °c rainfall mm rainfall 曰 average sunshine H amount utilization is high; lighting time is extremely short (nanoseconds).
The main disadvantage is that the price is relatively high, but the price/performance ratio is not necessarily low.
1.2 The requirements for public corridors and corridor lighting require maximum brightness within a short period of time; the use of inductive switches achieves the effect of "the light is on when the person is on, and the person leaves the delay automatically."
1.3 Fluorescent energy-saving lamps in the corridor lights, the energy efficiency of fluorescent energy-saving lamps is lower than LED; fluorescent energy-saving lamps frequently switch will greatly shorten the service life; fluorescent energy-saving lamps reach the rated brightness for a longer lighting time; fluorescent lamps for 220V mains can not Conveniently matched with solar cells.
Through the above comparison: the advantages of LED lamps are the best choice for public corridors and staircase lighting.
2 photovoltaic cell + LED lamp system working principle and design points 2.1 system composition - sound, light control or infrared thermoluminescence control switch; 2.2 solar cell module solar cell components must be selected in consideration of the meteorological conditions of the system use area, the year According to the situation and the user's use characteristics, to ensure the best use and cost performance, the national solar energy distribution table is shown in Table 1: As can be seen from Table 1, China's western region is a region with abundant solar resources. The system described in this paper is located in the northern part of Gansu, in the most abundant area of ​​solar energy resources.
From the perspective of economy and practicality, in order to achieve the maximum cost performance, we use solar photovoltaic modules of monocrystalline silicon in the case of rich illumination. When selecting, we mainly follow the following principles: determine the power calculation function relationship: T - work Mean time of meteorological records of continuous rainy weather in the area; average working time per day of T load; total no-load current of all electrical equipment.
Note: In this function expression, there is no clear mathematical expression. In practice, most of the estimations are used. If the resistance of Rf is properly selected, it can be satisfied: Uc is high when the maximum charging voltage is set; When UR is lowered to "charge window 〃 voltage, Uc flips to low level control requirements.
The use of DC-DC conversion has two purposes. One is to ensure a constant operating voltage for the LED luminaire as the battery voltage continues to decrease during use; the other is to further boost the 12V or 24V voltage to 36V by DC-DC conversion. Can reduce the loss of the line.
Circuit topology: In order to improve efficiency and reduce cost, the system uses a "semi-open half-bridge system" for driving.
The commonly used method in switching power supply, the system adopts "direct sampling" scheme to make the output voltage more stable.
Two protection circuits are provided in this system. The main functions and considerations are as follows: a) Low voltage protection: Although continuous rainy days on local meteorological records are taken into account when determining the capacity of the solar modules and the capacity of the battery (group), in order to prevent possible In the extreme weather that occurs, a low-voltage protection link similar to a "firewall" must be designed. When the battery discharge comparator scheme exceeds 80% of capacity and there is no charge, the output is cut off on the circuit. In this case, the DC-disconnected. The DC "conversion system" thus protects the battery (group) from the trouble of damage caused by excessive discharge.
b) Short circuit protection of the output circuit: The short circuit of the output circuit will endanger the safety of the components in the system. Therefore, the system considers the "fuse protection" circuit to prevent the output part from being short-circuited.
2.5 sound, light control switch or infrared sensor switch is the necessary program to realize automatic turning on and off. The difference between the above two control modes is: the sound and light control switch is easily interfered by external sound and malfunction; infrared sensor The switch can accurately realize the state of "the person is on the light and the person is running off the delay". In comparison, the latter control is more reliable.
The two types of light-on are 24h in standby state, always in power consumption state, and the infrared sensor switch's no-load power consumption is much larger than the sound and light control switch, and we must expect to reduce the no-load current in the future.
3 System Improvement and Thinking The system has been in operation for more than two years. After several tests in spring, summer, autumn and winter, it has shown good development prospects in the western regions with good lighting conditions. If it is to be promoted, there is still a need. Further improvement: If the system is to be used in the eastern region or the southern region, according to the distribution of the photos and the continuous rainy weather, the "optical complementary" link should be added to the system, or the system capacity margin should be increased to adapt. Greater area application.
In actual use, the "acoustic and optical control switch" we use has a small no-load power consumption, but it has defects in high sensitivity and prevention of malfunction. The "infrared sensor switch" will be developed to solve the problem of no-load power consumption. After the problem, get a more reliable control.
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