First of all, let's get familiar with the common lighting accessories. It has: lamp holder, switch, socket, hanging box and lampshade.
Lamp holder: Its function is to fix the bulb (or tube). According to its structure, it can be divided into screw mouth and bayonet (socket) lamp holder; according to its installation method, it can be divided into hanging lamp holder (commonly known as lamp holder), flat lamp holder and tubular lamp holder; Bakelite, porcelain and metal lamp holders; according to their use, they can be divided into ordinary lamp holders, waterproof lamp holders, safety lamp holders and multi-purpose lamp holders.
Switch: A device that functions to turn the power on or off. It is generally called a light switch. According to the installation form, it is divided into clear and concealed. The surface-mounted type has a pull switch and a dial switch (also called a flat switch), and the concealed type uses a dial switch (also called a springboard switch). According to its structure, it is divided into single-pole switch, bipolar switch, three-pole switch, single-control switch, dual-control switch, multi-control switch and rotary switch.
Socket: Its function is to provide power for mobile lighting appliances, household appliances or other electrical equipment. It is easy to connect, flexible and versatile. It has the functions of surface mounting and concealing. According to its structure, it can be divided into single-phase bipolar double-hole, single-phase three-level three-hole (one with extremely protective grounding or zero) and three-phase four-pole four-hole. (There is a pole connected to zero or grounded) sockets, etc.
Hanging box: Or hanging box is used to hang chandeliers or connecting lines, generally plastic and porcelain.
Lampshade: Its function is to control the light, improve the lighting efficiency, and make the light more concentrated. The lampshade has many forms. According to its material, it can be divided into glass cover, enamel cover, thin aluminum cover, etc.; according to the effect of reflection and transmission diffusion It can be divided into direct indirect and semi-indirect. In the production and living lighting, the commonly used lampshade has several types such as a cone, a tower shape, an explosion-proof shape, and an oblique shape.
Basic lighting circuit
The circuit is the path of current, and the function of the lighting circuit is to convert electrical energy into light energy. It includes power supplies, lights, wires and switches, etc. The basic lines of electrical lighting are as follows:
1. A single switch controls a lamp as shown in Figure (A) below. When wiring, the switch should be connected to the phase line (commonly known as the fire line), so that after the switch is cut off, there is no electricity on the lamp head for safety.
2. Two double-switches control one lamp in two places, as shown in the following figure (B). This type of control is usually used for electric lights on stairs, which can be controlled both upstairs and downstairs, sometimes also Corridor lights can be controlled at both ends of the corridor.
3. Two double switches and one triple switch control one lamp in three places, as shown in the following figure (A). This method is generally used for stairs and corridors.
The local lighting power supply below 4.36 volts is generally powered by a fixed step-down transformer. The wiring is as shown in Figure (B) below. When installing, the primary side of the transformer should be equipped with a fuse and a double-pole switch, which not only can protect the transformer, but also protect the secondary side from short-circuit, and the secondary side should also have a protective casing and low voltage. The side should be grounded or zeroed for safety. Multi-ground control switch
Lighting circuit construction drawing
The basic circuit of electrical lighting described above is not sufficient for construction. This is because the specifications, model, installation requirements, wiring layout and other features of the electrical components are not indicated on the drawings. As the basis for the actual circuit installation, it must be based on the national construction of the relevant electrical technical standards and unified symbols drawn construction drawings. There are two common types of lighting construction drawings:
Workshop lighting circuit diagram
Schematic diagram of the lighting system, which shows the connection between the various components of the electrical system, the working principle of the electrical system and its role (not related to the structure and installation of the electrical components).
As shown in Figure (A) above. The other is the installation wiring diagram, which is the main drawing of the installation engineering, and is drawn according to the actual structure and installation of the electrical components. The installation wiring diagram only considers the installation wiring of the component and does not clearly indicate the operating principle of the electrical system. It is often combined with the floor plan drawing. As shown in Figure (B) above, it is the "language" of engineering technology. It is necessary to recognize and determine what electrical components are drawn on the map, how they should be connected and what technical requirements are there, so as to prepare the materials and perform the correct installation.
A single-phase VFD, also known as a variable frequency drive, is a specialized electronic device used for precise control and regulation of single-phase motors. Unlike three-phase motors that are commonly used in industrial applications, single-phase motors are predominantly found in residential and small-scale applications.
The primary function of a single-phase VFD is to control the frequency and voltage supplied to the single-phase motor, thereby enabling accurate regulation of motor speed. By adjusting the frequency and voltage output, the VFD allows for smooth and precise control over the motor's rotational speed. This feature is particularly useful in applications where speed control is required, such as in residential HVAC systems, small-scale machinery, and household appliances.
Energy efficiency is a significant advantage offered by single-phase VFDs. By adjusting the motor speed to match the load requirements, the VFD reduces energy wastage and improves overall energy efficiency. When the motor operates at a lower speed during periods of low demand, energy consumption is significantly reduced, resulting in energy savings and lower operating costs.
Motor protection is another important aspect addressed by single-phase VFDs. They incorporate various protective features, including overload protection, short circuit detection, and thermal protection, which help safeguard the motor against damage due to excessive current, voltage fluctuations, or overheating. This ensures reliable motor operation, prolongs the motor's lifespan, and reduces the risk of unexpected failures.
Harmonic filtering is also a critical consideration in single-phase VFD applications. When single-phase VFDs operate, they can introduce harmonics into the power supply, which may cause issues such as voltage distortions and interference with other electrical equipment. To mitigate these problems, single-phase VFDs often incorporate harmonic filtering techniques to suppress harmonics and ensure a clean and stable power supply, maintaining power quality and preventing damage to connected equipment.
Control algorithms play a significant role in single-phase VFD operation. These algorithms allow for precise control and adjustment of motor speed, ensuring smooth acceleration, deceleration, and accurate speed regulation. Advanced control algorithms enable efficient motor operation and enhance overall system performance.
In summary, single-phase VFDs provide precise control and regulation of single-phase motors in residential and small-scale applications. With their energy efficiency, motor protection features, harmonic filtering capabilities, and advanced control algorithms, single-phase VFDs enhance motor performance, reduce energy consumption, and ensure reliable operation in various residential and small-scale applications.
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