In the past few years, virtual reality technology has developed rapidly. It provides a kind of 'physical and model' environment, which coincides with the bottom of Dell's 'experience tower'. Virtual reality is the most experienced in displaying and providing direct purpose. The effect can provide learners with a most realistic learning mode. This article is based on a certain understanding of the connotation of virtual reality, combined with education, making virtual reality technology play a greater role in education.
First, the introduction of virtual reality1, the definition of virtual reality
Virtual reality (VR) is a high-tech that has emerged in recent years, also known as an artificial environment. Virtual reality is the use of computer models
It is intended to create a virtual world in three-dimensional space, providing users with a simulation of the senses such as sight, hearing, and touch.
As if they are immersed in the situation, they can observe things in the three-dimensional space in a timely and unrestricted manner.
2, the basic characteristics of virtual reality
(1) Immersion
Immersion refers to the degree to which a user feels as a protagonist and in a simulated environment. The ideal environment should make it difficult for users
To distinguish between true and false. Let the user devote himself to the simulation environment. Everything in the environment looks, listens, and feels true.
Like the feeling in the real world.
(2) Interactivity
The user's degree of operability in the simulated environment and the natural degree of feedback from the environment. For example, the user can use the hand
Directly capture the virtual object in the simulated environment, then the hand has the feeling of holding something, and can feel the object prosperous weight, as
The object caught in the wild can also move as the hand moves.
(3) Conceptuality
Emphasize that virtual reality technology has a wide and imaginable space, which can expand the scope of human cognition, not only to reproduce the real existence
The environment can also arbitrarily conceive an environment that does not exist objectively or even impossible.
3, the type of virtual reality
(1) Immersive VR system
It is an advanced virtual reality system that provides a completely immersive experience that gives users a feeling of being in a virtual reality. It uses helmet-mounted displays and other equipment to close the participants' visual, auditory and other sensations and provide an immersive, whole-hearted and immersive experience. This is a more complex system.
(2) Enhanced VR system
It is a system that combines real and virtual environments. It allows users to see the real world, as well as virtual objects superimposed on the real world. This system can reduce the complex real environment. The calculation can also operate on the actual object, and truly achieve the real and illusory realm.
(3) Desktop level VR system
Also known as the simple virtual reality system, it uses a computer to create a virtual environment, and uses a computer screen as a window for the user to observe the virtual realm. The user can interact with the virtual environment through the keyboard and the mouse.
1. Combination of virtual reality and educational theory
From the development process of education, the emergence of any new technology and new media will cause a revolution in education; the emergence of paper and printing, the development of radio and television technology, and the development of computer and network technology have all caused The leap in quality and quantity of education. There is no doubt that the combination of virtual reality and education will certainly produce a qualitative and quantitative leap in the field of education.
(1) Cognitive theory
The basic explanation of learning in cognitive learning theory is that learning is a process of internal development, a cyclical process in which assimilation and adaptation occur alternately, resulting in physiological and psychological transition from equilibrium to imbalance. Correspondingly, the cognitive teaching concept is: to provide students with a specific situation and special process of cognitive processing, so as to promote the cognitive development of students in the process of promoting the formation of students' cognitive structure. The combination of virtual reality and education must focus on the students' cognitive psychology, pay attention to the students' specific experience and understanding of the situation, so that the assimilation between the learner's old and new knowledge can be successfully completed, constructing their own cognitive structure and promoting recognition. Know the development.
(2) Construction theory
The constructivist theory holds that knowledge is not obtained through teacher teaching, but that learners obtain the necessary learning materials and use the means of meaning construction in a certain context, that is, social and cultural background, by means of other people (including teachers and learning partners). Since learning is a process of meaning construction through the interpersonal activities with the help of others, in a certain context, that is, in the context of social culture, constructivist learning theory considers "situation", "cooperation", "conversation" and " "Construction of meaning" is the four elements or four attributes in the learning environment. The characteristics of virtual reality technology are beneficial to the full manifestation of these four characteristics, so that the constructivist learning environment can be effectively created, so that learners can be free in it. Exploring and self-learning, stimulating students' enthusiasm for learning and helping students construct the meaning of what they are currently learning. It turns out that virtual reality technology is effective
Set up a constructivist learning environment.
Constructivism provides the best theoretical basis for the development of VR in education. Constructivism believes that the construction of knowledge comes from personal experience. VR's immersion removes the boundaries between participants and computers, creating an experience for individuals to understand the world and helping materials learn. VR creates a learning environment for non-symbolic systems for students to avoid students failing to learn in the discipline of the symbolic system.
(3) Simulation scenario
The combination of virtual reality and education is mainly physical simulation, that is, by designing a model similar to a prototype (natural phenomenon or process), and using this model to indirectly study the prototype law: simulating experiments that can be demonstrated without simple and effective instruments. : Simulate systems that are difficult to observe or that cannot directly observe the internal state of the law from the outside: focus on fleeting natural phenomena or processes, and so on.
The environment of virtual reality construction should be from the perspective of learners, so that it can provide intuitive and effective interactions like the real world, so that it can observe things from the internal perspective of space and phenomena, and better understand the mastery. Information to improve abstract thinking skills.
2. The impact of virtual reality on education
(1) Influence on traditional teaching mode
Change the traditional model of teachers to dominate the classroom, change students' passive acceptance of knowledge, lack of innovative thinking and innovative ability. Multimedia, networking, and the rapid development of virtual reality technology. These technologies provide a user-friendly, intuitive and interactive learning environment; they provide a variety of sensory and stimulating stimuli.
(2) Impact on teaching methods
Interactive heuristic teaching. Through immersive and autonomously controlled human-computer interaction, it is acquired by visual, auditory and tactile, providing vivid and vivid visual thinking materials, showing things that students cannot directly observe, and forming knowledge points. Students participate in teaching activities from the multifaceted thinking, emotions and behaviors.
Discovery teaching. This is a form of teaching centered on solving problems. In virtual training, virtual reality allows students to enter the environment in which problems exist, construct virtual situations in a targeted manner, and guide students to explore. It can provide good human-computer interaction, and also allows students to make mistakes, understand the root cause and consequences of the error, and find ways to solve the problem.
(3) Impact on teaching experiments
Experiments are an integral part of most teaching activities. Make up for the lack of teaching equipment. In the distance learning experiment, some teaching experiments cannot be carried out because of experimental equipment, place of origin, and funding. Virtual reality can make up for this deficiency. Students can experiment without getting out of the house and gain real experience, thus enriching their perceptual knowledge.
Avoid the dangers of real testing or operation.
(4) Impact on learning style
The virtual reality system can create a humanized learning environment by virtual historical figures, great people, celebrities, teachers, students, doctors, etc., making the atmosphere of distance education more active, natural and intimate. For example: English learning, let students talk to people, to achieve the purpose of training students to speak.
(5) Impact on the role
The immersiveness and interactivity of virtual reality enables students to play a role in the virtual learning environment and devote themselves to the learning environment, which is very beneficial to students' skill training. Such as: driving training.
Third, the application of virtual reality in education1, classroom teaching
Classroom teaching is the main method of teaching, and it is also the main battlefield for virtual reality to be used in teaching. According to different disciplines, virtual reality plays different roles, mainly in the following aspects: the display of three-dimensional objects, the display of three-dimensional space, the introduction of exhibits, the creation and construction of virtual space, and the construction of virtual scenes.
(1) Display of three-dimensional objects
Through virtual reality, we can construct a three-dimensional object that is the same as the real object. For example, the three perpendicular line theorem in high school solid geometry is a key point in the teaching of solid geometry and also a difficult point. At this time, if we use the VRML language to draw these lines in the title, and then let the students observe in each vision, one saves the production of the real thing, and the second allows the students to observe according to their own wishes. There are also some teachings about the position between the spatial lines, the positional relationship between the planes, and the dihedral angle. Teachers can easily produce more elaborate desktop virtual reality to assist mathematics teaching.
(2) Display of three-dimensional space
The three-dimensional space refers to the space that exists in the real world or that has existed in history according to historical data. In teaching, we may need to show these spaces to students, but due to the limitations of the conditions, it is impossible for students to enter these spaces. In the past teaching, they may only be able to stimulate students' imagination through the depiction of teachers, in the minds of students. Create this virtual space. Using virtual reality, we can not only create these spaces in the minds of students, but also make them visible, audible, and even tangible. For example, in the history teaching of middle school, ancient Rome occupies an important position in the history of human civilization development. How to introduce lost ancient foreign civilizations like ancient Rome to students to study architecture, art history, ancient history and ancient literature history? Entering this completely virtual world, students will feel exposed to strange foreign environments. The various human landscapes of ancient Rome are vividly visible. You can follow the Latin or English guides to roam in the virtual world. A virtual actor talk of a character. It is conceivable that this kind of re-creation of ancient Rome is attractive to students. Students can observe various artistic wonders, sculptures and paintings in an immersive way, experience the human environment at that time, and observe the various architectural features of ancient Rome. The influence of the cultural renaissance, observing the construction of the house, and looking at it from all directions is so beautiful and well-proportioned.
2. Scientific experiment
Under the existing conditions of the general school, there are many experiments that are impossible to do, such as nuclear reaction experiments, and some experiments are not allowed for students to do, such as the part involving radioactive substances or toxic substances. Using VR technology, the contradiction between experimental conditions and experimental results can be effectively solved. In teaching, many expensive experiments and training equipment cannot be popularized due to price restrictions. If you use VR technology to build a virtual lab on a multimedia computer, learners can walk into the virtual lab and immersively manipulate virtual instruments. The results of the operation can be judged by the meter to show the body's feelings and feedback to the students. The operation is correct. This kind of experiment does not consume equipment, nor is it restricted by external conditions such as the site, and can be repeated until satisfactory results are obtained. One of the great advantages of VR Labs is their absolute safety, which does not cause personal accidents due to operational errors.
Fourth, virtual reality has insufficient in education(1) Make up for the shortcomings of distance learning conditions. In distance learning, it is often because of experimental equipment, experimental sites, teaching expenses, etc., that some teaching experiments that should be opened cannot be carried out. Using the virtual reality system can make up for these shortcomings. Students can do all kinds of experiments without leaving the house, and gain the same experience as real experiments, thus enriching the perceptual knowledge and deepening the understanding of the teaching content. (2) Avoid the dangers caused by real experiments or operations. In the past, experiments on dangerous or harmful to human health generally used television video to replace the experiment. Students could not directly participate in the experiment and gain perceptual knowledge. Using virtual reality technology for virtual experiments can eliminate this concern. Students in the virtual experimental environment can safely do a variety of dangerous or harmful experiments. For example, virtual chemical experiments can avoid the dangers of burning and explosion caused by chemical reactions; virtual surgery can avoid medical accidents that cause "patients" to die due to student error; virtual aircraft driving teaching The system can eliminate the serious accident of the plane crash caused by the student's operation error.
(3) Completely break the limits of space and time. Using virtual reality technology, students can enter the universe as large as the universe, as small as the inside of the atomic particles to observe and even interact. This is unmatched by TV video media. Virtual technology can also break through the limitations of time. Some changes that take decades or even hundreds of years to observe can be presented to students in a short period of time through virtual reality technology. For example, Mendel's law of inheritance in biology often takes several months to experiment with fruit flies, and virtual technology can be implemented in one lesson.
(4) Can be a virtual character image. The virtual reality system can create a humanized learning environment by virtual historical figures, great people, celebrities, teachers, students, doctors, etc., making the atmosphere of distance education more active, natural and intimate. For example, in a virtual classroom learning atmosphere, distance teachers can communicate and discuss with virtual teachers and students to discuss various problems in learning and conduct collaborative learning. In the teaching of ideological and moral courses, students can discuss and communicate with the virtual advanced characters, and influence the students through the words and deeds of advanced characters, so as to achieve the purpose of ideological and moral education. In foreign language teaching, students can communicate with people through computer virtual students to travel abroad, and achieve the purpose of training students' oral English. Virtual reality technology can provide students with a vivid and realistic learning environment. Students can become a participant in the virtual environment and play a role in the virtual environment. This mobilizes students' enthusiasm for learning, breaks through the key points and difficulties of teaching, and trains students. The skills will play a positive role.
V. The future of virtual reality in educationEducation experts point out that brand-new technology will bring us new educational thinking and solve problems that we could not solve before, which will bring a series of major changes to our education. It’s more persuasive to experience and experience in person than to empty abstract teaching. There is a qualitative difference between active interaction and passive viewing. In the field of educational technology, virtual reality technology is more widely used in scientific research, virtual simulation campus, virtual teaching, virtual experiment, education and entertainment.
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