Development and current status of panoramic cameras
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As the camera moves from analog to network, “HD†has become a hot spot in the market, and its appearance allows people to see more clearly and get more details. However, the customer has raised the requirement of the other side from the "only seeing the face" to the present "can see the face", that is, to see more widely, that is, to see in the same scene. More things. In this regard, it was originally solved by covering an area with several cameras or by using a fast ball to cruise back and forth. However, in some cases, these solutions can not fully meet the requirements of customers, such as customers need to determine the movement of people in the same picture, or need to use the same scene to see things to explain some problems, this time you need Panoramic camera, this article mainly discusses the development and application of panoramic camera.
Development and current status of panoramic cameras
At present, there is no clear definition of the panoramic camera in the industry. For a camera that can be seen more widely and at a larger angle, everyone calls it a panoramic camera. For example, a short-focus 5 megapixel camera installed in a square or gate, which can basically see things at the gate or square, so many people call this camera a panoramic camera. Some manufacturers also refer to the 360 ​​degree camera combined with the specific installation method as a panoramic camera. For example, a vertical downward fisheye camera is installed on the ceiling of the conference room, and the panoramic view of the conference room can be seen. This scheme is also called It is a panoramic camera.
At present, the product form of the fisheye panoramic camera includes a multi-lens type, a single fisheye lens type, and a hybrid type.
Single fisheye lens: It is in the form of a gun camera or a dome camera plus a fisheye lens. This is the simplest and most economical way to achieve panoramic surveillance. The key point of this method is that the camera itself has a fisheye. The ability to correct "distortion", or combined with special processing software to correct the image after deformation of the fisheye lens, and to treat the normal image without leaving traces, so that the human eye can accept, such representative camera of the panoramic camera has Mobotix , parity, Tamron, Hikvision (002415, shares it) and Yin Hao, etc., this article mainly discusses the application of single-lens eyeglass-type panoramic camera.
Multi-lens type: 360-degree monitoring using multi-lens multi-angle monitoring and stitching images. This method is very complicated and costly, but it lacks the fisheye distortion caused by the fisheye panoramic camera. Representative manufacturers of panoramic cameras are Arecont Vision and AVIGILON.
Hybrid: It adopts the PTZ dome camera and the fisheye lens. This method is rare. The camera can be used as a dome camera when it rotates. When the dome camera and the fisheye lens overlap, it can be used as a panoramic camera. Representative manufacturers of class-like panoramic cameras have Axis.
Panoramic camera application mode and characteristics
At present, the panoramic camera is mainly used in outdoor open-view places, such as road traffic, open-air plazas, residential buildings, port terminals, etc. The monitoring width of some places is even more than 100 meters. It is impossible to see the panoramic images to achieve scheduling. No energy to see the details of the face, vehicle license and so on. These occasions only need to install a fisheye camera at the commanding height to meet the panoramic surveillance in one location.
Advantages of panoramic cameras compared to traditional surveillance cameras include:
Ultra-wide monitoring angle
A fisheye lens can take 360-degree panoramic view, which can replace the traditional multi-camera: users only need a dedicated fisheye lens to directly view the entire space, and the surrounding images are completely visible at once, completely eliminating dead ends.
Key technology of panoramic camera
cut costs
This 360-degree real-time panoramic monitoring capability of the panoramic camera eliminates the need to install multiple cameras to cover the entire surveillance area, saving camera hardware investment. The number of surveillance cameras is greatly reduced, which can save the cost of supporting equipment, such as lens, protective cover, wiring, power supply, video recording, display, etc., and reduce the difficulty of construction wiring, saving installation time, labor costs and subsequent maintenance costs. .
Virtual PTZ technology
With the virtual PTZ technology, it is possible to enlarge or move the image area within the surveillance field of view, and when the direction of the transition is observed, the other image area does not emit any noise, which is hidden and not easy to detect. Since there is no mechanical moving parts, there is no need to mechanize the operation at all times, the panoramic camera does not wear any, the product is durable and the service life is greatly extended. Panoramic image distortion correction can be performed on multiple image areas, so that unlike a mechanical PTZ camera, a panoramic camera can simultaneously view and record multiple different areas.
Key technology of panoramic camera
Judging whether a panoramic camera performance is good or not is about two points: one, the effective coverage of the field of view, how clear the scene can be seen; Second, see the clarity of the pixel points in the scene. Key technologies for panoramic cameras include:
High resolution implementation
The high-pixel product is not only the choice of the Sensor, but also the processing, coding and corresponding cooperation of the ISP are important, and the requirements of the corresponding structure and process are several times stricter than that of the ordinary camera.
Fisheye expansion correction accuracy
The anti-distortion and anti-warping algorithms are very important in the process of developing a circular image produced by a fisheye camera into a normal tile image acceptable to the human eye. Because from the lens selection, it is necessary to analyze the curvature of the lens, the analysis of the optical refraction line, and the analysis of the combination of light and light to obtain a better image source to achieve a large depth of field, high resolution, and The center's resolution should be balanced. For the development of panoramic cameras, in addition to strict screening to ensure the high quality of the lens, the fisheye expansion algorithm has also been studied for a long time. At present, the circular image generated by the fisheye lens has been effectively deployed and processed, and a tiled image of the human eye has been obtained, and the details are optimized without distortion and distortion to ensure the overall image. Clear and accurate.
The development trend of panoramic cameras
The development of panoramic cameras has been more than ten years, and the real promotion has only started in the past two years. Due to its high price, complicated image processing technology and low resolution after image correction, the panoramic camera has not entered the public life like other ordinary cameras, but mainly positioned in the professional application market, such as large Scene environment or where it is easy to install vertically.
At present, the market's awareness of panoramic cameras is not very high, and more is the manufacturer's publicity and guidance work. In fact, the industry does not have much controversy or question about the technology of panoramic cameras, and personally believe that there is no need to debate too much about the definition of panoramic cameras. The key is to see if the products can meet the needs of customers and whether users are solved. Specific problem. More and more customers will ask for “look more and see more clearlyâ€, so panoramic cameras must have a large market.
The development trend of panoramic cameras
Multi-technology convergence is the main direction for the development of future panoramic cameras:
VMS support
The image processing of the panoramic camera requires VMS (video management software) support, but since the current fisheye expansion algorithm is proprietary to the manufacturer, the VMS support range is very limited. How to realize the mutual sharing of the fisheye expansion algorithm and realize the unified standard interface is the direction that future equipment manufacturers and integrators need to work together.
Resolution
A great advantage of a panoramic camera over a normal camera is its large monitoring range. However, considering the resolution density, the same pixel camera can cause pixel dispersion and degradation when monitoring a larger area. This is because the monitoring range is very large. On the imaging chip of the same size as the conventional monitoring lens, it is necessary to receive several times of image information, which results in a decrease in the resolution of the picture. Therefore, only the quality of the image of the monitoring image is not required. Can be used when high or when using high resolution imaging devices. This explains why the 3 megapixel panoramic camera picture quality looks like CIF resolution. Therefore, for panoramic cameras, improving screen resolution is an important research topic in the future.
Low illumination
Most of the panoramic cameras do not have an ICR (Mechanical Infrared Filter), which makes the low illumination effect difficult to satisfy. Because in the future development, more attention will be paid to the nighttime effect of the panoramic camera, such as using ICR + infrared fill light or improving the sensitivity of the photoreceptor to enhance the low illumination effect.
Wide dynamic
Taking a fisheye camera as an example, it uses a fisheye lens with a 360-degree angle of view to monitor the entire scene. Such a wide range of monitoring will inevitably lead to difficulty in processing the panoramic camera in terms of white balance and exposure. It is because of this that the application of the panoramic camera in the room is limited. Solve the wide dynamic effect of the panoramic camera, which can promote the application of the future panoramic camera in the indoor environment.
intelligent
How to liberate the manpower of security is the development direction of intelligent analysis, especially in the case of panoramic camera without dead angle monitoring to achieve intelligent analysis will certainly bring better security applications.
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