From the perspective of technological innovations in the engine field by OEMs and component suppliers, miniaturized engines have long been the focus of chasing. Relatively speaking, smaller, more power-intensive engines can reduce friction losses and improve vehicle fuel economy. In addition, small-displacement engines of 1.6L and below in China can enjoy preferential policies for halving the purchase tax.
What is the miniaturization of the engine?
Miniaturization of the engine reduces exhaust emissions and greenhouse gas emissions while improving fuel efficiency by reducing engine displacement or reducing the number of cylinders. Global emissions regulations and ever-increasing fuel economy standards are driving the development of traditional engines toward miniaturization. Currently, this technology is widely used in light gasoline engines by OEMs. Test data shows that engine miniaturization can increase fuel efficiency by 20% to 30%. 　　
However, in the case of reducing fuel consumption and emissions, how can a miniaturized engine ensure that its dynamic performance is not impaired during actual driving? Previously, Gasgo has conducted an industry survey on the miniaturization of engines. "The engine power miniaturization trend shows that the dynamic performance is a market pain point." The results show that the industry's biggest question about engine miniaturization is whether its power performance is strong enough, which is the root cause of the impact of miniaturized engines in the end market. Regarding the factors restricting the performance of the engine miniaturization market, Geshi Automobile will explain in depth in the later expert interviews, and this article will not go into too many details. 　
Engine miniaturization related technology 　　
The smaller engines with fewer cylinders are possible, and they are inseparable from key component technologies such as turbocharging technology, gasoline direct injection technology, and variable valve timing. The following is a brief analysis of the working principle of these technologies, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. 　　
Turbocharging technology
Turbocharger (Turbocharger) uses the exhaust gas emitted by the engine to impact the turbine to compress the intake air, thereby improving the engine's power and fuel efficiency.
As we all know, the fuel needs to be ignited in the engine. The more oxygen, the more complete the combustion, the better the engine works. Turbocharging is a form of intake air for automobile engines. Its main function is to compress air and increase the intake air volume of the engine, thereby increasing the power and torque of the engine and making the car more powerful. At the same time, fuel combustion is more fully improved, fuel economy is improved and exhaust emissions are reduced.
When a turbocharger is installed in an engine, the maximum power can be increased by 40% or more compared to when the turbocharger is not installed. This means that the same engine can generate more power after being pressurized. Take our most common 1.8T turbocharged engine, after boosting, the power can reach the level of 2.4L naturally aspirated engine, but the fuel consumption is slightly higher than the 1.8L naturally aspirated engine.
Advantage: 　
1, has a good acceleration and sustainability, full of stamina. The maximum torque output has a wide range of speeds and a straight torque curve.
2. Improve fuel economy and reduce exhaust emissions.
3. Use the energy of the exhaust gas without consuming the power of the engine. 　
Disadvantages: 　　
1. Ride comfort needs to be improved. At low speed, the turbine cannot be intervened in time and has a certain hysteresis. Turbo hysteresis and non-linear power output are the biggest drawbacks of turbocharging.
2. The overall system temperature is increased and additional high heat effects need to be addressed. In order to solve the high heat impact, it is necessary to use a high temperature and oxidation resistant cooling and lubricating medium, and a cooler.
3. The maintenance cost is higher in the later period.
Therefore, when using a turbocharged engine, it is necessary to focus on the selection and oil change intervals of the engine oil. The key bearings in the turbocharger need to be lubricated with engine oil and cooled with engine coolant. Most designs allow the engine coolant pump to continue working for a few minutes after a warm stop to cool the turbine cover. Since the turbine is driven by engine exhaust, the turbine cover may become red hot. In addition, since the oil has its established flow path, the oil is drained through these channels when the engine is turned off. Without proper cooling and emptying, the engine oil on the bearings burns (coking), becomes tar, blocks the flow path of the oil, causing a catastrophic failure of the turbine. 　　
Direct injection technology in gasoline cylinder 　
In-cylinder direct injection, as the name implies, is a technique that directly injects fuel into the cylinder and mixes with air. Different from the traditional manifold injection, the direct injection in the cylinder further increases the injection pressure, making the fuel atomization more detailed, realizing the precise proportional control of the injection and mixing with the intake air, while eliminating the out-of-cylinder injection. Disadvantages. When the engine is low-speed and low-load, the injection is delayed, and the piston is injected at the final stage of the compression stroke. The air vortex is used to concentrate the fuel near the spark plug, and the stratified combustion achieves the purpose of fuel saving, but when the engine speed is up, the load is up. It is still necessary to inject in advance, and the fuel is injected in the intake stroke to uniformly mix and burn the oil.
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