White LEDs have been widely used in people's lives. White light sources combining blue LEDs with down-converting fluorescent materials. This spectrally tunable white light solution has been used in many consumer products, from the backlight of LCD panels. Source to LED lighting bulbs. With the increase in market demand and technological innovation, LED white light sources have been transformed from the initial pursuit of high efficiency, high brightness to controllable light and higher color quality. For the down-conversion of fluorescent materials, we introduce some new directions regarding LED display and illumination. Learn why we use quantum dots as next-generation light conversion materials for LED displays and lighting.
High quality lightingThe traditional LED lighting is generally white light composed of a blue LED combined with a YAG phosphor, which has the advantages of high light efficiency, low cost, and the like. However, there is a certain gap between the spectrum and the sunlight that people are accustomed to. The direction of improving the color rendering index is mainly by adding a variety of down-converting fluorescent materials, such as a wide range of color spectrum phosphors, making the LED white spectrum closer to the full spectrum. range. However, some people did it in the opposite direction, trying to use a narrow-half-width multicolor laser combination as a white light source to test whether it could be accepted by people.
Researcher J.S. from the Department of Energy’s Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) Y. Tsao uses blue, green, yellow and red lasers to create a white light source.
Figure: Four-color laser white light schematic
The team was curious whether the white light of the diode laser would affect the human eye, unlike the white light produced by the LED. To test this issue, the researchers conducted a series of tests at the University of New Mexico's Center for High-Tech Materials. By contrasting four-color lasers with incandescent lamps, blind selection tests conducted by forty volunteers did not have a significant preference for the selection of light sources by volunteers. This means that lasers are highly regarded as white light sources and traditional incandescent lamps. The color index is not obvious for people as lighting users. The results of this study are very useful for us to use a narrow-width spectral combination as a white light source.
Wide color gamut displayLED backlight-based liquid crystal display technology is currently the mainstream of the television and mobile phone market, LED as a white light source, need to go through a variety of processes to form RGB pixels to produce images that can be perceived.
Figure: LCD TV dismantling schematic
Pixels of different colors are mainly realized by the combination of backlight light sources and filters. We will not start to talk about them here. We have the opportunity to introduce them in detail. Traditional phosphors have a wider half-width and absorb excess spectral energy after being filtered. This not only results in a decrease in efficiency, but also broadens the half-width of the spectrum of the filter. The gamut coverage area is not enough light. As shown in the figure below, if we have a narrow half-width spectrum such as 24nm red, green, and blue light, then most of their spectrum can pass directly through the filter, and its color gamut can greatly exceed the NTSC standard.
Figure: Quantum dots and different half-width color gamut area
Speaking of here, it may have been found that one of the important parameters mentioned for high-quality lighting and wide color gamut display is the narrow half-width spectrum. Quantum dot materials generally have a particle size between 1 and 10 nm. Since the electrons and holes are quantum confined, the continuous energy band structure becomes a vertical energy structure, so the emission spectrum is very narrow (20-30 nm). ), high chroma, wide color gamut, can greatly exceed NTSC's color gamut (>100%); at the same time, the low light absorption loss through the color filter can realize low-power display. Due to the quantum confinement effect, the same material only needs to change the quantum dot particle size to achieve coverage of the entire visible spectrum region. Quantum dots of various sizes can be mixed in a certain proportion to achieve a natural light color similar to sunlight and a high color rendering index can be obtained. Quantum dots are due to these characteristics, and they are concerned by academic and industrial technology researchers.
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