The working principle and function of the servo motor is the driving control object. The torque and speed of the controlled object are controlled by the signal voltage. When the magnitude and polarity of the signal voltage change, the rotational speed and direction of the motor also change.
The servo motor classifies an AC servo motor and a DC servo motor.
AC servo motor
The principle is the same as that of a two-phase AC asynchronous motor with two windings—excitation windings and control windings.
The field winding and the control winding are separated by 90° in space.
wiring:
Wiring of the field winding control winding
The purpose of series capacitor C in the field winding is to create a two-phase rotating magnetic field.
By properly selecting the size of the capacitor, the current difference between the two windings is close to 90°, so that a rotating magnetic field is generated, and the rotor rotates under the action of the rotating magnetic field.
Example: Selecting a capacitor allows the phasor relationship of the voltage and current in the AC servo motor circuit as shown in the figure.
Control winding wiring control voltage With supply voltage
Both frequencies are the same, the phases are the same or in reverse.
Current generated in two windings during operation with
The phase difference is nearly 90°, so a rotating magnetic field is generated. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the rotor rotates.
AC servo motor features:
1) When U 2 = 0, the rotor stops.
At this time, although U 2 =0 V, U 1 still exists and seems to be in a single-phase operation state, but is different from the single-phase asynchronous machine. If the single-phase motor starts running, it will still turn after a single phase occurs. The servo motor is different, and the device cannot be turned when the single-phase voltage is applied.
Cause: The AC servo motor R2 is designed to be large. So when U 2 =0, the T=f(s) curve of the AC servo motor is as shown in the following page:
T=f(s) curve of AC servo motor (when U 2 =0)
When U 2 =0 V, the combined torque T of the torque T′, T′ generated by the forward and reverse rotating magnetic field divided by the pulsating magnetic field is different from that of the single-phase asynchronous machine. The direction of the combined torque is opposite to the direction of rotation, so the motor is When U 2 =0V, it can stop immediately, reflecting the function of the control signal (rotating when there is control voltage, not turning when there is no control voltage), so as to avoid loss of control.
(2) The AC servo motor R2 is designed to be large, so that Sm >1, Tst is large, the startup is rapid, and the stable operation range is large.
(3) When the magnitude of the control voltage U 2 changes, the rotor speed changes accordingly, and the speed is proportional to the voltage U 2 . When the polarity of U 2 changes, the steering of the rotor changes.
Mechanical characteristic curve of AC servo motor ( U 1 =const )
The output power of the application AC servo motor is generally 0.1-100W, and the power frequency is divided into 50Hz, 400Hz and the like. It is widely used, such as in automatic control, automatic temperature recording and other systems.
DC servo motor structure: basically the same as DC motor. In order to reduce the moment of inertia, it is made to be slender.
Working principle: same as DC motor.
Power supply: he encouraged. The field winding and armature are powered by two independent sources:
U1 is the excitation voltage and U2 is the armature voltage.
The mechanical characteristics of the DC servo motor are the same as those of the DC motor:
Mechanical characteristic curve
According to the mechanical characteristics:
(1) When U1 (ie, flux ¢) is constant, U 2 ↑, n一定 under a certain load.
(2) When U2=0, the motor stops immediately.
Reverse: The polarity of the armature voltage changes and the motor reverses.
application:
The characteristics of the DC servo motor are harder than those of the AC servo motor. Often used in systems with slightly higher power, its output power is generally 1-600W. It has many uses, such as position control in the follow-up system.
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