My view on the digital health revolution is divided into four parts, namely:
1. Obtaining information (Internet era)
2. Mutual visits (social networks)
3. Touch yourself (quantify yourself through mobile and wearable health technology)
4. Know everyone (follow-up development and application of big data)
Interestingly, this is actually a five-part digital revolution, and the last one is not as noisy as the first four. It is even a bit silent, but there are good reasons to believe that it is essential to the future development of medicine, healthcare, and health. It is about connecting everything.
This connection is often called the Internet of Things (IoT), and in a practical sense, it can unite the entire digital health revolution. Simply put, the Internet of Things is connecting the physical world around us with the virtual world of the Internet. The physical world refers to household appliances, such as coffee machines or thermostats; automobiles, industrial machinery, buildings, bicycles, plants, animals, medical equipment, and of course the human body.
Although the concept is simple, the scope and impact of this development are complex, and many other terms have been coined to describe this phenomenon. Some of these include machine-to-machine communication (M2M), ubiquitous computing, smart services, and the industrial Internet of Things. Perhaps the truth is that no term can fully describe what is happening, so we created new terms in order to understand it in our own context.
Putting the term aside, the opportunity to connect humans with all objects that may have a positive or negative impact on their health can play a huge role in improving the quality of life, chronic disease management, and life-saving interventions that will truly change the numbers The ability of technology to have a large-scale impact on healthcare. First, let us look at the composition of the basic ecosystem of the Internet of Things:
The IoT ecosystem looks very complicated and chaotic, especially for those who are not in the technology industry. In fact, even if you are engaged in technical work, the Internet of Things has many challenges and problems in terms of interoperability. Therefore, instead of focusing on the huge ecosystem of sensors, objects, and devices, it is easier to start by understanding the three main components of the IoT ecosystem:
data collection:
This is basically done by equipment or hardware components that collect data from various sensors before sending it to the network. In the health field, in the past, there were some basic functions, such as measuring the amount of exercise through smart phones or wearable devices. However, as indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen, and specific disease indicators such as blood sugar are about to enter the mainstream, devices will become more and more complex.
data transmission:
This is how to send data from a device, sensor or object over the network. Technically speaking, this can be through wired or wireless, but in fact, the development of wireless networks is promoting the development of the Internet of Things. These wireless networks can be classified into cellular mobile, satellite and WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and RFID, etc.
data analysis:
This is all data collected from devices, objects and sensors are transmitted through the network and sorted, inquired and interpreted, thereby triggering a response or reminder to the human body. This is an important area of ​​innovation, because big data and real-time analysis are a real high ground for those who want to develop connected health IoT solutions in the healthcare sector. In the healthcare sector, analysis must be very accurate and safe. , Because this is designed for patients.
The application of the Internet of Things in healthcareSo, how to use the Internet of Things to improve healthcare? In fact, the potential use of connected technology in the healthcare field is huge. However, we can divide the most prominent healthcare applications of the Internet of Things into four broad categories:
1. Health and well-being
Medical care is shifting from focusing on disease to focusing on health, thereby focusing on disease prevention. The most prominent example is wearable devices, which can track basic activities, and through more advanced technology, can measure breathing patterns, skin conductance, ambient light, and skin temperature. The smartwatch recently launched by Apple points out a path to a more advanced world. In the near future, even non-invasive blood glucose measurement can be performed. These measurement information can be used by applications, linked to HCP and EHR/EMR (Electronic Health/Medical Records) through supporting programs, and can even be used as part of clinical trials through ResearchKit.
We can already track and monitor the vital signs of babies while they sleep, by using smart diapers, analyzing urine, checking hydrate levels, and identifying signs of urinary tract infection; connected and gamified toothbrushes can inspire and motivate family members to keep their teeth healthy; For the elderly, the intelligent monitoring system can allow the elderly to live independently: monitor activities, analyze behavior and monitor falls and other problems, and automatically remind nursing staff and medical service departments.
2. Patient support
An obvious opportunity is to better support patients and their families who are treating diseases and taking medications. This opportunity seems especially real when faced with the challenges of chronic diseases and an aging population. Some early developments, such as electronic pill dispensers, can remind you to take your medicine on time, and help simplify complex medication regimens, reminding patients and caregivers. This has also inspired management interventions, such as electronic bottle caps, which can monitor the amount of pills or liquid remaining in the bottle and alert patients when they need to take medication. More complex interventions, such as connected devices: inhalers and spirometers, electrocardiograms, blood oxygen, blood pressure equipment, etc., can improve the continuous measurement, monitoring, education, and support structure of patients and caregivers, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes. These can provide real-time information exchange between patients, healthcare professional service organizations, nursing staff, and families.
More advanced developments include microchip drug delivery technology. The chip can be inserted under the skin and a controlled dose of medication can be administered at the right time. "Biomonitoring drugs" are also under development. These digital drugs will contain a tiny sensor that can convey important information about when the patient takes the drug and how the body responds. Proteus is already working with Otsuka and Novartis to develop this technology.
At EarthWorks, we are currently designing a cardiopulmonary disease system that combines patient data from connected devices such as smart scales, blood pressure and oximeters with HCP systems, caregivers and families to support patients in real time and provide medical services Fast response.
3. Improve professional medical services
The Internet of Things can also support better medical services. For example, ECall (an interoperable and coordinated in-car emergency call system) should appear in all new cars and trucks in the European Union before October this year. It can recognize that the vehicle has been involved in an accident and calculate the severity of the accident. , And convey the location and driving direction of the accident. Then, pass this information to traffic information and emergency services as appropriate. As the vehicle integrates with other equipment, we are not far from communicating personal health records through this system, which will help to make faster and better responses, thereby saving lives.
IBM introduced sensor and network technology to hospitals, and cooperated with OhioHealth to develop a system that can monitor handwashing in real time to reduce medical-related infections (HAI). This has resulted in 90% of people complying with handwashing agreements, an increase of 20% over the previous period. IBM is also working on a series of predictive IoT solutions.
The Artemis project, jointly developed by the University of Ontario Institute of Technology and Toronto Sick Children's Hospital, allows the detection of minor changes in hospital-infected infants 12 to 24 hours before the appearance of any external signs. Other projects under development aim to detect complications in patients with brain injury, stroke patients, and critically ill patients in the intensive care unit before they are tested for HCP.
4. Data analysis
The Internet of Things is particularly suitable for big data in the healthcare sector. The three main dimensions of data describe this well: volume, variety, and speed. Quantity refers to the absolute size of data that can be obtained through devices, sensors, systems, and objects that can transmit data. The types indicate the number of various data sources that the platform can accept, and the types of all these data will be very powerful. Speed ​​describes the transmission speed, which in many cases will be real-time. When we collect data on a large scale, we can use powerful computer systems (such as IBM Watson) to help build a sustainable healthcare system, collaborate to improve care and effectiveness, and increase the accessibility of healthcare.
Final thoughtsIn such a short article, it is impossible to truly describe the opportunities provided by the Internet of Things in healthcare. For example, we failed to cover some of the key issues for realizing the vision of the Internet of Things, such as data integrity, data quality, security, and compliance. However, just as people's connectivity through global communication platforms has completely changed the way we see and interact with the world, the ability to connect all aspects of the health and medical fields is also very exciting, because this ability is Improving people's lives is centered.
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