A detailed tutorial of a tripolar conformal antenna fed by a slot and a coaxial line

The correlation coefficients between the branches with different polarization directions are very low, and they can be regarded as independent transmission and reception channels. Therefore, multi-polarized antennas can realize more statistical independent multipath channels with less volume, thereby effectively increasing system capacity and transmission rate.

By utilizing the characteristics that the three coordinate directions of the spatial coordinate system are orthogonal to each other, the three-polarized antenna can design three orthogonal polarizations, and realize three independent transmission and reception channels in a limited volume. Itoh et al. propose a tri-polarized antenna consisting of two vertical slits and a monopole. Das et al. propose a tri-polarized antenna composed of a dual-polarized circular patch and a monopole. In his paper, Gray et al. introduced a tri-polarized antenna consisting of a dual-polarized dielectric resonator and a monopole.

The tripolar antenna proposed in this paper is a conformal antenna with high intensity, small footprint, and three orthogonal polarizations. The reflection coefficient is less than -10dB in the range of 2.4~2.59GHz. The conformal structure has an antenna height of only 10.8 mm, and the isolation between the three ports is better than -16 dB, -30 dB, and -40 dB, respectively.

Antenna structure design

Feeding the patch by double-slit coupling can effectively improve the isolation between the ports. The present invention uses this method to feed the circular patch to form a dual polarization. The antenna structure is shown in Figure 1. The antenna is composed of two dielectric layer substrates, which are a dielectric substrate 1 and a dielectric substrate 2, respectively. A dual polarized circular patch is attached to the upper surface of the substrate 1. Two "H" slits are placed in the ground plane between the dielectric substrate 1 and the substrate 2, and a coupling feed is made between the dual polarized circular patch and the feed line. Two microstrip feed lines are located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2 and are respectively located below the respective slits, and the feed forms orthogonal polarizations in two directions parallel to the X-axis and the Y-axis. The two "H" shaped slits are placed in a "T" shape to improve the isolation of the two slits.

A detailed tutorial of a tripolar conformal antenna fed by a slot and a coaxial line

Figure 1. Structure of a triple-polarized antenna. (a) Top view (b) side view

Since the two orthogonal modes excited on the circular patch have zero electric field at the center of the patch, short-circuit pins or other short-circuit conditions can be added at the center of the dual-polarized circular patch instead of two positive The model has an effect. Our proposed design uses this short-circuit boundary condition to pass a coaxial line through the center of the patch. The coaxial outer conductor is simultaneously connected to the ground plane and the dual polarized circular patch unit. The coaxial inner conductor is connected to a disk-loaded monopole antenna. The electric field excited by this monopole antenna is parallel to the Z axis. In the mode of operation of a monopole antenna, a dual polarized circular patch is used as the ground.

The present invention employs a loaded monopole antenna instead of a quarter-wave monopole antenna as the radiating element, thereby effectively reducing the height of the monopole. At a working frequency of 2.6 GHz, a quarter-wave monopole antenna requires a height of 29 mm, and a conventional loaded monopole antenna usually has a height of 15 mm.

In order to ensure conformal requirements, the height of the loaded monopole antenna used in the present invention is 5 mm. As the height of the loaded monopole antenna decreases, the equivalent parallel capacitance value between the loading disk and the ground begins to increase, resulting in a deterioration in port matching of the loaded monopole antenna. In order to offset the influence of the equivalent parallel capacitance, the present invention introduces a 1.5nH parallel inductor at the input end of the antenna, so that the resonant circuit composed of the parallel inductor and the capacitor resonates and cancels in the working frequency band of the antenna, thereby realizing the pure resistance characteristic. Antenna input impedance.

The specific dimensions of the antenna are shown in Figure 1, and Figures 1a and 1b are top and side views, respectively, of the antenna. The entire antenna volume is 94mm*94mm*10.8mm. The dielectric substrate 1 has a dielectric constant of 2.6, and the dielectric substrate 2 has a dielectric constant of 4.5. The two dielectric layers are defined by W, L, R, h1 and h2. The "H" type slot is defined by ds, ls, la1, la2, wa1, wa2, D, and the loaded monopole antenna is defined by h0, r.

The actual antenna design parameters are as follows: W = L = 94 mm, R = 40 mm, h1 = 5 mm, h2 = 0.8 mm, h0 = 5 mm, r = 15.6 mm. Port 1: ds1 = 32.5 mm, ls1 = 7 mm, la1 = 17 mm, la2 = 2 mm, wa1 = 1 mm, wa2 = 4 mm. Port 2: ds2 = 47 mm, ls2 = 8.8 mm, la1 = 11.4 mm, la2 = 2 mm, wa1 = 1 mm, wa2 = 4 mm, D = 12.3 mm.

The dual-polarized circular patch excites electric fields in two orthogonal directions parallel to the X and Y axes. The loaded monopole excitation acts as a field parallel to the Z-axis, so the antenna forms polarization in three directions. .

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